Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are crucial to support targets set by India’s Nationally Determined Contributions of about 50% from the non-fossil fuel based resources, particularly for the intermittently available renewable energy such as solar and wind power. The performance and lifespan of LIBs are limited by the irreversible degradation in the physical processes that undergo at the electrode level of each battery cell.  These are greatly influenced by the nature of charging (from renewable sources) and discharging (load demand) cycles.